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Biotransformation and Oxidative Stress Responses in Captive Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) Exposed to Organic Contaminants from the Natural Environment in South Africa

Arukwe, Augustine; Røsbak, Randi; Adeogun, Aina O; Langberg, Håkon A; Venter, Annette; Myburgh, Jan; Botha, Christo; Benedetti, Maura; Regoli, Francesco
Journal article, Peer reviewed
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http://hdl.handle.net/11250/298500
Issue date
2015
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  • Publikasjoner fra CRIStin - NTNU [7606]
Original version
PLoS ONE 2015   10.1371/journal.pone.0130002
Abstract
In the present study, the biotransformation and oxidative stress responses in relation to

chemical burden in the liver of male and female Nile crocodiles—Crocodylus niloticus—

from a commercial crocodile farm passively exposed to various anthropogenic aquatic pollutants

was investigated. In general, the data showed that male crocodiles consistently produced

higher biotransformation and oxidative stress responses compared to females.

Relationships between these responses and concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons and

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also observed. Specifically, the catalytic

assays for EROD and BROD (not PROD and MROD) showed sex-differences between

male and female crocodiles and paralleled immunochemically determined CYP1A and

CYP3A protein levels; the relatively similar levels of PAHs in both sexes suggest an estrogen-

mediated reduction of this pathway in females. The antioxidant system exhibited higher

levels in male crocodiles with slight or significant higher values for catalase (CAT), glutathione

reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidases-H2O2 (GPx-H2O2), glutathione peroxidases-

Cu (GPx-Cu), total antioxidant capacity towards peroxyl radicals (TOSC-ROO) and

hydroxyl radicals (TOSC-HO), total glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). On the

other hand, the activities of acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) and glutathione S-transferases (GST)

were significantly higher in females. Principal component analysis (PCA) produced significant

groupings that revealed correlative relationships (both positive and negative) between

biotransformation/oxidative stress variables and liver PAHs and aliphatic hydrocarbon burden.

The overall results suggest that these captive pre-slaughter crocodiles exhibited

adverse exposure responses to anthropogenic aquatic contaminants with potentially relevant effects on key cellular pathways, and these responses may be established as relevant

species biomarkers of exposure and effects in this endangered species.
Publisher
Public Library of Science
Journal
PLoS ONE

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